The response of saline-sodic soils to reclamation using biological and organic amendments under arid regions of Egypt

The study focused on investigating the contribution of reclamation strategies saline-sodic soils and their impacts soil fertility characteristics. In this study, treatments were denoted as: SG1 SG2 (23.8 47.7 ton/ha spent grain); TC1 TC2 47.6 compost); Azospirillium in inoculation with seed (Az); Az + (Az+SG1); (Az+TC1); mineral fertilizers (NPK); control (CK). All mixed pots 30 kg soil. results showed that significantly affected pH, EC, macronutrients. contrast, no significant (P > 0.05) effects found two compost levels NPK treatments. salt contents maximal treatment, while decreased Az, SG2, Az+SG However, application soluble Na+ concentrations solution. effect organic biological reclamations chemical properties was following order: Az+M CK. Moreover, it positively impacted contents, which improved after three months sowing greenhouse.